Research progress of visualization methods and localization techniques of the cardiac conduction system / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#The cardiac conduction system (CCS) is a set of specialized myocardial pathways that spontaneously generate and conduct impulses transmitting throughout the heart, and causing the coordinated contractions of all parts of the heart. A comprehensive understanding of the anatomical characteristics of the CCS in the heart is the basis of studying cardiac electrophysiology and treating conduction-related diseases. It is also the key of avoiding damage to the CCS during open heart surgery. How to identify and locate the CCS has always been a hot topic in researches. Here, we review the histological imaging methods of the CCS and the specific molecular markers, as well as the exploration for localization and visualization of the CCS. We especially put emphasis on the clinical application prospects and the future development directions of non-destructive imaging technology and real-time localization methods of the CCS that have emerged in recent years.

Research progress on the role of type II innate lymphoid cells in liver diseases / 中华肝脏病杂志

Type II innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) is a newly identified innate immunological cell that belongs to the lymphocyte lineage in cell morphology, resides in the body's mucosal tissues, and has the dual functions of innate and adaptive immunity to promote tissue remodeling and repair after injury. Additionally, it is involved in the occurrence and development of a variety of liver diseases and plays an important role in maintaining the immunological homeostasis of the liver region. This article reviews the differentiation, development, and biological functions of ILC2, with particular attention to the research progress in liver diseases.

Casticin Attenuates Stemness in Cervical Cancer Stem-Like Cells by Regulating Activity and Expression of DNMT1 / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore whether casticin (CAS) suppresses stemness in cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) obtained from human cervical cancer (CCSLCs) and the underlying mechanism.@*METHODS@#Spheres from HeLa and CaSki cells were used as CCSLCs. DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) activity and mRNA levels, self-renewal capability (Nanog and Sox2), and cancer stem cell markers (CD133 and CD44), were detected by a colorimetric DNMT activity/inhibition assay kit, quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, sphere and colony formation assays, and immunoblot, respectively. Knockdown and overexpression of DNMT1 by transfection with shRNA and cDNA, respectively, were performed to explore the mechanism for action of CAS (0, 10, 30, and 100 nmol/L).@*RESULTS@#DNMT1 activity was increased in CCSLCs compared with HeLa and CaSki cells (P<0.05). In addition, HeLa-derived CCSLCs transfected with DNMT1 shRNA showed reduced sphere and colony formation abilities, and lower CD133, CD44, Nanog and Sox2 protein expressions (P<0.05). Conversely, overexpression of DNMT1 in HeLa cells exhibited the oppositive effects. Furthermore, CAS significantly reduced DNMT1 activity and transcription levels as well as stemness in HeLa-derived CCSLCs (P<0.05). Interestingly, DNMT1 knockdown enhanced the inhibitory effect of CAS on stemness. As expected, DNMT1 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of CAS on stemness in HeLa cells.@*CONCLUSION@#CAS effectively inhibits stemness in CCSLCs through suppression of DNMT1 activation, suggesting that CAS acts as a promising preventive and therapeutic candidate in cervical cancer.

Temporal and spatial stability of the EM/PM molecular subtypes in adult diffuse glioma / 医学前沿

Detailed characterizations of genomic alterations have not identified subtype-specific vulnerabilities in adult gliomas. Mapping gliomas into developmental programs may uncover new vulnerabilities that are not strictly related to genomic alterations. After identifying conserved gene modules co-expressed with EGFR or PDGFRA (EM or PM), we recently proposed an EM/PM classification scheme for adult gliomas in a histological subtype- and grade-independent manner. By using cohorts of bulk samples, paired primary and recurrent samples, multi-region samples from the same glioma, single-cell RNA-seq samples, and clinical samples, we here demonstrate the temporal and spatial stability of the EM and PM subtypes. The EM and PM subtypes, which progress in a subtype-specific mode, are robustly maintained in paired longitudinal samples. Elevated activities of cell proliferation, genomic instability and microenvironment, rather than subtype switching, mark recurrent gliomas. Within individual gliomas, the EM/PM subtype was preserved across regions and single cells. Malignant cells in the EM and PM gliomas were correlated to neural stem cell and oligodendrocyte progenitor cell compartment, respectively. Thus, while genetic makeup may change during progression and/or within different tumor areas, adult gliomas evolve within a neurodevelopmental framework of the EM and PM molecular subtypes. The dysregulated developmental pathways embedded in these molecular subtypes may contain subtype-specific vulnerabilities.

Clinical application effects of two longitudes three transverses method in perforator location of thoracodorsal artery perforator flap and deep wound repair / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To explore the clinical application value of two longitudes three transverses method in the location of the perforator of thoracodorsal artery perforator and deep wound repair. Methods: The retrospectively observational study was conducted. From December 2018 to June 2020, 17 patients with deep wounds who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study, including 7 males and 10 females, aged 12 to 72 years. The wound areas of patients after debridement were 7 cm×3 cm to 11 cm×7 cm. Two longitudinal lines were located through the midpoint of the armpit, the posterior superior iliac spine, and the protruding point of the sacroiliac joint, and three transverse lines were located 5, 10, and 15 cm below the midpoint of the armpit between the two longitudinal lines, i.e. two longitudes three transverses method, resulting in two trapezoidal areas. And then the thoracodorsal artery perforators in two trapezoidal areas were explored by the portable Doppler blood flow detector. On this account, a single or lobulated free thoracodorsal artery perforator flap or flap that carrying partial latissimus dorsi muscle, with an area of 7 cm×4 cm to 12 cm×8 cm was designed and harvested to repair the wound. The donor sites were all closed by suturing directly. The number and location of thoracodorsal artery perforators, and the distance from the position where the first perforator (the perforator closest to the axillary apex) exits the muscle to the lateral border of the latissimus dorsi in preoperative localization and intraoperative exploration, the diameter of thoracodorsal artery perforator measured during operation, and the flap types were recorded. The survivals of flaps and appearances of donor sites were followed up. Results: The number and location of thoracodorsal artery perforators located before operation in each patient were consistent with the results of intraoperative exploration. A total of 42 perforators were found in two trapezoidal areas, with 2 or 3 perforators each patient. The perforators were all located in two trapezoid areas, and a stable perforator (the first perforator) was located and detected in the first trapezoidal area. There were averagely 1.47 perforators in the second trapezoidal area. The position where the first perforator exits the muscle was 2.1-3.1 cm away from the lateral border of the latissimus dorsi. The diameters of thoracodorsal artery perforators were 0.4-0.6 mm. In this group, 12 cases were repaired with single thoracodorsal artery perforator flap, 3 cases with lobulated thoracodorsal artery perforator flap, and 2 cases with thoracodorsal artery perforator flap carrying partial latissimus dorsi muscle. The patients were followed up for 6 to 16 months. All the 17 flaps survived with good elasticity, blood circulation, and soft texture. Only linear scar was left in the donor area. Conclusions: The two longitudes three transverses method is helpful to locate the perforator of thoracodorsal artery perforator flap. The method is simple and reliable. The thoracodorsal artery perforator flap designed and harvested based on this method has good clinical effects in repairing deep wound, with minimal donor site damage.

Short-term efficacy and perioperative safety of catheter-based intervention for pulmonary vein stenosis caused by fibrosing mediastinitis / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To evaluate the short-term efficacy and perioperative safety of catheter-based intervention in patients with pulmonary vein stenosis caused by fibrosing mediastinitis (FM). Methods: It was a case series study. Consecutive patients with pulmonary vein stenosis caused by FM, who underwent percutaneous pulmonary vein angioplasty in Gansu Provincial Hospital from January 2018 to June 2020, were retrospective enrolled. The baseline characteristics, comorbidities, exercise capacity and hemodynamic data before and after treatment were compared, and the procedural related complications were evaluated. Results: A total of 30 patients ((64.3±7.1) years, 15 males) were included. Sixty-three pulmonary vein stenosis were treated by 32 percutaneous pulmonary vein angioplasty procedures. Forty-four stents were implanted in 41 pulmonary veins after balloon angioplasty, and the diameter of implanted stents was (8.3±1.2)mm. Balloon angioplasty was performed on 22 pulmonary vein stenosis, the mean balloon diameter was (4.2±2.1)mm. The pulmonary vein diameter increased from (2.6±1.3) to (6.6±2.6) mm (P<0.001) and the pressure gradient across the pulmonary vein stenotic segment reduced from 19 (12, 29) to 2 (0, 4) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) (P<0.001) immediately post procedure. The pulmonary vein flow grade was significantly improved compared with baseline (P<0.001). The most common operation related complications were lung injury (44.0% (11/25)) and hemoptysis (18.8% (6/32)), which did not need special treatment. During the 2.0 (1.3, 3.2) months follow-up, the WHO functional class was significantly improved (P<0.05), the 6-minute walking distance increased from (254.8±114.5) m to (342.8±72.4)m (P<0.05), the mean pulmonary arterial pressure decreased from (40.9±8.3) mmHg to (35.4±7.7) mmHg (P<0.01), 17 out of 19 patients with refractory pleural effusion experienced total remission during the follow-up period (P<0.001). CT pulmonary venography was repeated in 17 patients. The incidence of in-stent restenosis of pulmonary vein was 24.0% (6/25). Conclusions: Percutaneous pulmonary vein angioplasty is effective for the treatment of pulmonary vein stenosis caused by fibrosing mediastinitis. However, it's not so safe, procedural related complication should be paid attention to and the rate of in-stent restenosis is relative high during the short-term follow-up.

Suppression of HMGB1 inhibits neuronal autophagy and apoptosis to improve neurological deficits in rats following intracerebral hemorrhage / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of suppressing high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) on neuronal autophagy and apoptosis in rats after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats.@*METHODS@#Rat models of ICH induced by intracerebral striatum injection of 0.2 U/mL collagenase Ⅳ were treated with 1 mg/kg anti-HMGB1 mAb or a control anti-IgG mAb injected via the tail immediately and at 6 h after the operation (n=5). The rats in the sham-operated group (with intracranial injection of 2 μL normal saline) and ICH model group (n=5) were treated with PBS in the same manner after the operation. The neurological deficits of the rats were evaluated using modified neurological severity score (mNSS). TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptosis of the striatal neurons, and the expressions of HMGB1, autophagy-related proteins (Beclin-1, LC3-Ⅱ and LC3-Ⅰ) and apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved caspase-3) in the brain tissues surrounding the hematoma were detected using Western blotting. The expression of HMGB1 in the striatum was detected by immunohistochemistry, and serum level of HMGB1 was detected with ELISA.@*RESULTS@#The rat models of ICH showed significantly increased mNSS (P < 0.05), which was markedly lowered after treatment with anti- HMGB1 mAb (P < 0.05). ICH caused a significant increase of apoptosis of the striatal neurons (P < 0.05), enhanced the expressions of beclin-1, LC3-Ⅱ, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 (P < 0.05), lowered the expressions of LC3-Ⅰ and Bcl-2 (P < 0.05), and increased the content of HMGB1 (P < 0.05). Treatment with anti-HMGB1 mAb obviously lowered the apoptosis rate of the striatal neurons (P < 0.05), decreased the expressions of Beclin-1, LC3-Ⅱ, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 (P < 0.05), increased the expressions of LC3-Ⅰ and Bcl-2 (P < 0.05), and reduced the content of HMGB1 in ICH rats (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Down- regulation of HMGB1 by anti-HMGB1 improves neurological functions of rats after ICH possibly by inhibiting autophagy and apoptosis of the neurons.

Effect of Fufang Huangbai Fluid Paint on Virulence and Biofilm of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the virulence and biofilm inhibition effect of Fufang Huangbai Fluid Paint （FFHBFP） on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus （MRSA）， and to explore the antibacterial effect of FFHBFP on MRSA， which provides a theoretical basis and reference for clinical medication. MethodFirstly， the microdilution method and time–growth curve were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） of FFHBFP and vancomycin （VAN） against MRSA and the effect on bacterial growth. The effects of FFHBFP and VAN on the inhibition of MRSA virulence factor lipase and restoration of hydrogen peroxide （H2O2） sensitivity were detected under sub-minimum inhibitory concentration （sub-MIC）. The inhibitory effect of FFHBFP and VAN on MRSA biofilm formation and maturation was detected by the microplate method. The morphological changes of mature biofilms before and after administration were observed under a scanning electron microscope （SEM）. Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was utilized to detect the effect of 50.600 g·L-1 concentration of FFHBFP on the expression of MRSA virulence gene crtM and biofilm-forming genes fnbA and icaA. Finally， molecular docking technology was used to predict the mechanism of potential antibacterial active ingredients of FFHBFP in inhibiting the virulence and biofilm of MRSA. ResultThe MIC of VAN was 2 mg·L-1， and VAN below 1 mg·L-1 exerted no effect on MRSA growth. The MIC of FFHBFP was not determined， while the 101.200-202.400 g·L-1 original solution inhibited MRSA growth. Compared with the blank group and the VAN group， sub-MIC （25.300-50.600 g·L-1 original solution） inhibited lipase and recovered MRSA sensitivity to H2O2 （P<0.01）. The results of the microplate method showed that FFHBFP （25.300-202.400 g·L-1 original solution） inhibited biofilm formation and maturation （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The SEM exhibited that FFHBFP made the structure of biofilm loose and the size of the bacteria varied. FFHBFP at 50.600 g·L-1 concentration can inhibit the expression of related virulence genes and biofilm-forming genes （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and molecular docking results also showed that the main antibacterial active ingredients in FFHBFP have good binding ability to the target. ConclusionFFHBFP that cannot directly kill MRSA exerts clinical efficacy by impairing virulence expression， biofilm formation， and other pathogenic properties.

Anti-inflammatory effect, plasma effective components and therapeutic targets of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction on ulcerative colitis mice / 中国中药杂志

This paper was to investigate the effect of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction(HLJD) on ulcerative colitis(UC) in mice, and determine the effective components in plasma, and virtually screen its therapeutic target, and predict its mechanism. Sixty Balb/c mice were randomly divided into blank group, model group, mesalazine treatment group(0.3 g·kg~(-1)), and HLJD treatment groups(24.66, 12.33, 6.17 g·kg~(-1)). Excepted for the blank group, all the mice in HLJD and mesalazine treatment groups were gavage administration. All mice freely drank 2.5% DSS solution for seven days to induce UC. The disease activity index(DAI) was detected each day. At the end of the experiment, HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes in colon. The content of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in colon were determined by ELISA. The effective components in plasma were determined by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The reverse docking in PharmMapper was used to screen the component targets. The disease targets of UC were collected by searching TTD, OMIM and GeneCards databases. The intersection of the component targets and disease targets was selected as the therapeutic targets. Then the therapeutic targets were imported into the STRING for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Discovery Studio was used to simulate the docking between the components and the targets. RESULTS:: showed that the DAI in the model group increased significantly(P<0.05), and the number of inflammatory cells and infiltration degree increased significantly compared with the blank group. The DAI in HLJD treatment group was significantly reduced(P<0.05), and the number and infiltration degree of inflammatory cells were reduced compared with the model group. The ELISA results showed that the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were increased significantly in the model group(P<0.01) compared with the blank group, and significantly down regulated in the HLJD treatment group(P<0.05) compared with the model group. After UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analyse, ten components were identified. The network pharmacology analysis showed that the action targets were significantly enriched in 129 of biological processes, such as response to organic substance, chemical and oxygen-containing compound, etc., as well as 16 of signal pathways, such as IL-17, TNF and hepatitis B signal pathways, were enriched too. The results of molecular docking showed that limonin, palmatine and berberine could bind to CASP3 and MMP9 by hydrogen bond. In conclusion, HLJD could alleviate the colonic mucosal inflammatory infiltration and mucosal damage in UC mice. The mechanism may be related to the anti-inflammatory effect on UC mice by reducing the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in colon through limonin, palmatine and berberine regulating IL-17 signal pathway and TNF signal pathway via CASP3 and MMP9 meditated.

Malnutrition in Relation with Dietary, Geographical, and Socioeconomic Factors among Older Chinese / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#Nutrition is closely related to the health of the elderly population. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive picture of the nutrition status of elderly Chinese and its related dietary, geographical, and socioeconomic factors.@*Methods@#A total of 13,987 ≥ 60-year-old persons from the 2010-2013 Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey were included to evaluate various aspects of malnutrition, including underweight, overweight or obesity, and micronutrient inadequacy.@*Results@#Overall, the prevalence of obesity, overweight, and underweight was 12.4%, 34.8%, and 5.7%, respectively, with disparities both geographically and socioeconomically. The prevalence of underweight was higher among the older old (≥ 75 years), rural residents and those with low income, with low education status, and residing in undeveloped West areas. More than 75% of the elderly do not meet the Dietary Reference Intakes for vitamins A, B @*Conclusions@#Obesity epidemic, inadequacy of micronutrient intake, and high prevalence of underweight and anemia in susceptible older people are the major nutrition challenges for the rapidly aging population in China.

Finite element analysis of biomechanical properties of bionic surface hip prosthesis / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To compare the biomechanical properties of traditional surface hip prosthesis and bionic surface hip prosthesis.Methods:The Sawbone digital model (#3908, Left, Medium) was selected as the research object. Mimics 21.0 software was used to reconstruct the physical model of femur. Solidworks 16.0 software was used to build the model of prostheses, including the traditional and bionic (type 1-4) protheses and their assembly. The distances from the screw cross position to the top of pressure screw of type 1 to type 4 protheses were 20.22 mm, 30.12 mm, 32.17 mm and 37.76 mm, respectively. The mechanical distribution characteristics of the whole model were measured and the stress distribution cloud map was obtained.Results:The peak stresses at bone-stem junction of traditional prosthesis and type 1-4 hip prostheses were 32.18 MPa, 13.80 MPa, 15.01 MPa, 23.46 MPa and 34.51 MPa, respectively. With the fulcrums away from the top of the femur, the peak stresses at the fulcrums of type 1-4 hip protheses were 37.98 MPa, 48.60 MPa, 54.80 MPa, and 53.87 MPa, respectively. The maximum stress above femoral neck of traditional prosthesis and type 1-4 hip prostheses were 8.00 MPa, 7.80 MPa, 7.04 MPa, 7.03 MPa and 7.51 MPa, respectively. The maximum stresses under femoral neck was 15.38 MPa, 14.20 MPa, 11.11 MPa, 13.10 MPa and 12.18 MPa, respectively. The maximum stresses in the greater trochanter region of femur were 13.08 MPa, 11.61 MPa, 13.09 MPa, 11.02 MPa and 39.51 MPa, respectively.Conclusion:Compared with the traditional surface hip prosthesis, the type I bionic surface hip prosthesis is designed based on the lever balance reconstruction theory. With the bionic reconstruction of the tension trabeculae and compression trabeculae through reasonable screw placement angles and the inward movement of the fulcrum closer to the center of the femoral head, the new type prothesis make up for the design defects of the traditional surface hip prosthesis, optimize the stress distribution in the proximal femur, and improve the stability of the prosthesis after replacement, which help reduce the risk of femoral neck fracture and prosthesis loosening, and extend the service life of the prosthesis.

Analysis of characteristics and causes of postoperative invalid fixation failures of femoral intertrochanteric fractures / 中华创伤杂志

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of postoperative internal fixation failures of femoral intertrochanteric fractures and analyze the related reasons using the leverage-balance-reconstruction theory.Methods:A retrospective case series study was performed for 40 patients suffering from implant failure after internal fixation of femoral intertrochanteric fractures admitted to Peking University People's Hospital from January 1999 to December 2019. There were 20 males and 20 females, aged from 43 to 92 years [(74.1±11.5)years]. The patients were assigned to extramedullary fixation (extramedullary fixation group, 17 patients) and intramedullary fixation (intramedullary fixation group, 23 patients). Complications associated with internal fixation were recorded, including internal fixation cutout, coxa vara deformity of hip joint, internal fixation withdrawal, femoral heck shortening and internal fixation breakage. Based on the lever-balance-reconstruction theory, the failure reasons of internal fixation were analyzed in combination with the change of arm length and outward shift of fulcrum measured before operation, after internal fixation and after fixation failure.Results:Among 40 patients, internal fixation cutout occurred in 18 patients, coxa vara deformity of hip joint in 37, internal fixation withdrawal in 29, femoral neck shortening in 37 and internal fixation breakage in 3. In extramedullary fixation group, the lengths of primary power arm and resistance arm were (8.0±1.0)mm and (59.4±10.9)mm, the lengths of power arm and resistance arm after fixation were (72.7±21.7)mm and (8.9±7.4)mm, the lengths of power arm and resistance arm after fixation failure were (50.3±14.9)mm and (33.6±17.6)mm. In intramedullary fixation group, the lengths of primary power arm and resistance arm were (6.7±0.6)mm and (49.8±9.9)mm, the lengths of power arm and resistance arm after fixation were (51.5±7.0)mm and (19.8±5.9)mm, the lengths of power arm and resistance arm after fixation failure were (41.6±9.6)mm and (32.4±7.7)mm. In each group, the lengths of power arm and resistance arm after internal fixation showed significant differences from that of normal ones and from that after fixation failure ( P<0.05). The length of power arm in extramedullary fixation group was larger than that in intramedullary fixation group ( P<0.05). The shortening of power arm in extramedullary fixation group was larger than that in intramedullary fixation group after fixation failure ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The extramedullary and intramedullary fixation of femoral intertrochanteric fractures result in the displacement of reconstruction fulcrum. The shortening of power arm is observed after fixation failure. The leverage-balance-reconstruction theory is helpful to analyze the cause of complications. The power arm after extramedullary fixation is longer than that after intramedullary fixation and is therefore more prone to fixation failure. The primary cause of postoperative internal fixation complications is to achieve a new balance of leverage.

Predictive value of pressure ulcer score and fall score on discharge outcome of acute ischemic stroke / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of pressure ulcer score and fall score and NIHSS scale for discharge outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).Methods:From January 2014 and November 2018, 4 468 patients with AIS who were treated in Hebei Province Renqiu Kangjixintu Hospital were selected as the research object. According to the modified Rankin scale (mRS) score standard discharge, mRS score in 0 to 2 scores was defined as good discharge outcome, and mRS score ≥3 scores defined as bad discharge outcome. Predictive value of pressure ulcer score, fall score and NIHSS score for the discharge outcome of AIS was analyzed.Results:The score of pressure ulcer in the group with bad discharge outcome was significantly lower than that in the group with good discharge outcome: (16.96 ± 2.89) scores vs. (19.91 ± 1.71) scores, the score of fall and NIHSS in the group with bad discharge outcome were higher than that in the group with good discharge outcome, with statistical significance: (6.66 ± 1.77) scores vs. (5.21 ± 1.64) scores, (7.34 ± 5.08) scores vs. (3.15 ± 2.21) scores ( P<0.01). The cutoff values of pressure sore score, fall score and NIHSS score for predicting adverse discharge outcome were 18.5, 5.5 and 3.5 scores, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.809, 0.731 and 0.863, respectively. The sensitivity was 86.00%, 76.200% and 78.30%, and the specificity was 64.00%, 59.50% and 80.60%. The pressure ulcer score, fall score and NIHSS score had statistical difference in predicting the adverse outcome of discharge ( P<0.01). Conclusions:The pressure ulcer score, fall score and NIHSS score have good predictive value for the discharge outcome of AIS. The lower the pressure ulcer score and the higher fall score and NIHSS score are, the higher the risk of poor discharge outcome of AIS is. Actively controlling the occurrence of pressure ulcers and falls can effectively reduce the risk of poor discharge outcome of AIS.

Study on Sub-minimal Inhibitory Concentration of Tanreqing Injection in Inhibiting Hemolytic Activity of Staphylococcus aureus α-hemolysin / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study whether Tanreqing injection （TRQ） can alleviate the body injury in the process of infection by inhibiting the production and release of <italic>α</italic>-hemolysin of <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic> under sub-minimal inhibitory concentration， and to provide experimental basis for better guidance of clinical medication. Method:The effects of TRQ on the minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） and bacterial growth of <italic>S.aureus</italic> were determined firstly by microplate method and time-growth curve. The different sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations of TRQ were co-cultured with bacteria or bacterial supernatants， and then co-incubated with defibrillated rabbit blood to detect the inhibitory and neutralizing effects of TRQ on <italic>S.aureus</italic> <italic>α</italic>-hemolysin. Cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） cell viability assay was used to detect the protective effect of TRQ on <italic>S. aureus</italic>-mediated damage to human alveolar epithelial cells （A549）. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the effect of sub-minimal inhibitory concentration of TRQ on the mRNA expression of <italic>S.aureus</italic> <italic>α</italic>-hemolysin regulatory genes hla and agrA. Result:The MIC of TRQ to <italic>S.aureus </italic>was 1/8 of the stock solution， and the sub-minimal inhibitory concentration （1/64MIC-1/16MIC） TRQ used in this study did not affect the growth of bacteria. 1/64MIC-1/16 MIC TRQ had the effect of inhibiting and neutralizing the hemolytic activity of <italic>α</italic>-hemolysin， with a protective effect on <italic>S.aureus</italic> supernatant-mediated A549 cell damage， and its inhibitory effect on <italic>α</italic>-hemolysin was closely related to the inhibition of hla and agrA mRNA expression. Conclusion:The sub-minimal inhibitory concentration TRQ can inhibit and neutralize the hemolytic activity of <italic>α</italic>-hemolysin of <italic>S.aureus</italic>， with a protective effect on A549 cell damage mediated by <italic>S.aureus</italic> infection， and its mechanism of inhibiting <italic>α</italic>-hemolysin is closely related to the interference with agr regulatory system.

Preparation and properties of extracellular vesicle-like nanoparticles from medicinal and edible plants / 药学学报

Extracellular vesicle-like nanoparticles (EVNs) isolated from edible plants have been shown to have multiple activities, while EVNs from medicinal plants have rarely been reported. In this paper, medicinal parts of medicinal and edible homologous fresh Curcumae Longae Rhizoma (CLR), Lilii Bulbus (LB), Polygonati Rhizoma (PR), and Gastrodiae Rhizoma (GR) are used to squeeze juice to collect EVNs. The physical and chemical properties, antioxidant capacity, and cellular uptake behavior of EVNs are determined. The results show that the particle size of EVNs from different sources ranges from 150 nm to 200 nm, and the polydispersity index (PDI) values of four EVNs are less than 0.2. Different EVNs all contain lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, but their contents are different. The stability of EVNs is different at 4 ℃ and -80 ℃, among which the CLR-derived EVNs are most stable. Antioxidant experiments confirm that the four EVNs have different antioxidant activities while structural damage of EVNs leads to the reduced antioxidant capacity. Cellular uptake studies prove that four EVNs differ in the uptake capacity by RAW264.7 cells, which is associated with the structural interference of EVNs. The available evidence implies that the specific structure of EVNs may be necessary to their pharmacological activity and transport property.

Failure analysis in proximal femoral nail antirotation fixation for intertrochanteric fractures / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To analyze the causes and risk factors for failure of internal fixation with proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of the 568 patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture who had been treated with PFNA fixation at Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin from March 2013 to March 2018. They were 348 males and 220 females, aged from 44 to 93 years (average, 74.6 years). According to the fracture stability classification, the patients were divided into a stable group of 424 cases and an unstable group of 144 cases. According to the AO classification, the stable group had type 31-A1 and type 31-A2.1 while the unstable group type 31-A2.2, type 31-A2.3 and type 31-A3. The 2 groups were compared in terms of reduction quality, rate of internal fixation failure, and function of the affected hip. Single factor and multi-factor binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the risk factors responsible for failure of PFNA fixation of femoral intertrochanteric fracture.Results:There were no significant differences in the preoperative general data between the 2 groups, showing comparability between groups ( P> 0.05). Internal fixation failure occurred in 19 cases, which was caused by spiral blade withdrawal in 13 cases, femoral neck shortening in 17 cases, hip varus in 14 cases, and spiral blade cut-out in 14 cases. The failure rate for the stable group was 1.2% (5/424), significantly lower than that for the unstable group [9.7%,(14/144)] ( P<0.05). The Harris hip score at the last follow-up for the stable group [98(95,100)] was significantly higher than that for the unstable group [84 (82, 87)] ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in reduction quality between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that osteoporosis ( OR=7.283, 95% CI: 1.626 to 32.623, P=0.009) and unstable fracture ( OR=11.607, 95% CI: 4.039 to 33.355, P<0.001) were risk factors responsible for the failure of PFNA fixation of femoral intertrochanteric fracture. Conclusions:PFNA fixation for unstable intertrochanteric fracture can lead to a high failure rate. It forms a lever like structure so that the main stress is shifted to the internal fixation. Its lever fulcrum is located at the angle of intramedullary fixation so that a long arm forms at the load-bearing side, leading to a high failure rate. The weight-free time should be longer for patients with osteoporosis and unstable fracture after operation.

Danshen-Chuanxiongqin Injection attenuates cerebral ischemic stroke by inhibiting neuroinflammation via the TLR2/ TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB Pathway in tMCAO mice / 中国天然药物

Danshen-Chuanxiongqin Injection (DCI) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke in China. However, its underlying mechanisms remain completely understood. The current study was designed to explore the protective mechanisms of DCI against cerebral ischemic stroke through integrating whole-transcriptome sequencing coupled with network pharmacology analysis. First, using a mouse model of cerebral ischemic stroke by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), we found that DCI (4.10 mL·kg

Amplification of Extrachromosomal Oncogene and Tumorigenesis and Development / 中国肺癌杂志

Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is a small segment of circular DNA located outside the chromosome, which has the function of self-replication. Recently, amplification of oncogenes on ecDNA has been proved to be a common phenomenon in tumor cells, and has some characteristics worth studying, such as correlation with patients' poor prognosis. Multiple chromosomal events are involved in the formation of ecDNA, and its amplification can directly increase the number of DNA copies of extra-chromosomal oncogenes and accelerate the generation and development of tumors. Moreover, the segregation pattern of unequal transmission of parental ecDNA cells to offspring not only increases tumor heterogeneity, but also enhances tumor adaptation to environment and response to therapy. This article reviews the current status and potential significance of ecDNA in tumor cells.
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Artificial intelligence technology in cardiac auscultation screening for congenital heart disease: present and future / 浙江大学学报·医学版

The electronic stethoscope combined with artificial intelligence (AI) technology has realized the digital acquisition of heart sounds and intelligent identification of congenital heart disease, which provides objective basis for heart sound auscultation and improves the accuracy of congenital heart disease diagnosis. At the present stage, the AI based cardiac auscultation technique mainly focuses on the research of AI algorithms, and the researchers have designed and summarized a variety of effective algorithms based on the characteristics of cardiac audio data, among which the mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) is the most effective one, and widely used in the cardiac auscultation. However, the current cardiac sound analysis techniques are based on specific data sets, and have not been validated in clinic, so the performance of algorithms need to be further verified. The lack of heart sound data, especially the high-quality, standardized, publicly available heart sound database with disease labeling, further restricts the development of heart sound diagnostic analysis and its application in screening. Therefore, expert consensus is necessary in establishing an authoritative heart sound database and standardizing the heart sound auscultation screening process for congenital heart disease. This paper provides an overview of the research and application status of auscultation algorithm and hardware equipment based on AI in auscultation screening of congenital heart disease, and puts forward the problems to be solved in clinical application of AI auscultation screening technology.

Rewiring the Lesioned Brain: Electrical Stimulation for Post-Stroke Motor Restoration / 대한뇌졸중학회지

Electrical stimulation has been extensively applied in post-stroke motor restoration, but its treatment mechanisms are not fully understood. Stimulation of neuromotor control system at multiple levels manipulates the corresponding neuronal circuits and results in neuroplasticity changes of stroke survivors. This rewires the lesioned brain and advances functional improvement. This review addresses the therapeutic mechanisms of different stimulation modalities, such as noninvasive brain stimulation, peripheral electrical stimulation, and other emerging techniques. The existing applications, the latest progress, and future directions are discussed. The use of electrical stimulation to facilitate post-stroke motor recovery presents great opportunities in terms of targeted intervention and easy applicability. Further technical improvements and clinical studies are required to reveal the neuromodulatory mechanisms and to enhance rehabilitation therapy efficiency in stroke survivors and people with other movement disorders.